Glucagon

Glucagon is used for emergency treatment of people with diabetes who have become unconscious because of very low blood sugar (severe hypoglycemia). It is used when such people are not able to take sugar by mouth. Glucagon may be given by a healthcare professional or by the patient's caregiver if they have been trained to use it. You and your family members, should learn to recognise the symptoms of severe hypoglycemia (such as irritability, sweating, fast heart rate, feeling anxious or shaky etc) and how to administer this medicine. Do not use Glucagon if it is discoloured or if it contains particles. Glucagon raises the blood sugar levels. Once the person gains consciousness and is able to eat, he or she must be given a high sugar snack like sweets, biscuits or fruit juice. This will help prevent your blood sugar levels from falling again. It is important to get emergency medical assistance after using this medicine. Your doctor will monitor your blood sugar levels and keep you under observation for some time. A complete medical evaluation is advised for all such people to find out the cause of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels) and to prevent it from happening again. The most common side effect of this medicine is nausea. Please consult your doctor if it does not resolve or persists for a longer duration. Glucagon may not work properly if you have been fasting for a long time or if your low blood sugar levels have been caused by drinking too much alcohol. Glucagon is a natural hormone. It helps the liver to change glycogen into glucose. It works in barium study by relaxing the tone and motility of the smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract.

• Severe hypoglycemia

Glucagon is an endogenous polypeptide hormone produced by the α cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It stimulates adenylate cyclase to produce cyclic AMP, to activate hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, thus increasing serum glucose level.

Adult Dose: Parenteral Severe hypoglycaemia Adult: 1 mg given via SC, IM or IV inj. Administer oral carbohydrates once the patient has responded. If there is no response w/in 10 min, give IV glucose. Glucagon dose may be repeated if necessary. Intravenous As a diagnostic aid in the radiologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract Adult: For relaxation of stomach, duodenal bulb, duodenum, and small bowel: 0.2-0.5 mg. For relaxation of colon: 0.5-0.75 mg. Intramuscular As a diagnostic aid in the radiologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract Adult: For relaxation of stomach, duodenal bulb, duodenum, and small bowel: 1 mg. For relaxation of colon: 1-2 mg. Child Dose: Parenteral Severe hypoglycaemia Child: <25 kg: 0.5 mg; ?25 kg: Same as adult dose.

Your doctor or nurse will give you this medicine. Kindly do not self administer.

Common: • Nausea

[CAUTION] Your ability to drive may be affected if your blood sugar is too low or too high. Do not drive if these symptoms occur. The injection is given either under the skin or into a muscle. Ensure that both you and your family members know how to use Glucagon in case your blood sugar becomes severely low. It may take approximately 10 minutes to have an effect. Call your doctor immediately if the symptoms do not improve within 10 minutes of dose intake. Take high sugar snacks such as sweets and fruit juice as soon as you are able to swallow. Avoid driving and any activity requiring mental focus until blood sugar level gets normal. Inform your doctor every time you use this medicine as your dose may need to be adjusted.

Hypersensitivity Pheochromocytoma Insulinoma Glucagonoma

Beta blockers may cause greater increase in heart rate and BP. Insulin antagonises the effect of glucagon. Indomethacin may produce hypoglycaemia. May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Anticholinergic drugs may increase GI reactions.

[UNSAFE] It is unsafe to consume alcohol with Glucagon.

[SAFE IF PRESCRIBED] Glucagon is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy. Animal studies have shown low or no adverse effects to the developing baby; however, there are limited human studies.

[CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR] Information regarding the use of Glucagon during breastfeeding is not available. Please consult your doctor.

[SAFE IF PRESCRIBED] Glucagon is probably safe to use in patients with kidney disease. Limited data available suggests that dose adjustment of Glucagon may not be needed in these patients. Please consult your doctor. [SAFE IF PRESCRIBED] Glucagon is probably safe to use in patients with liver disease. Limited data available suggests that dose adjustment of Glucagon may not be needed in these patients. Please consult your doctor.

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