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Generic

Biotin

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At a glance

Biotin is an essential vitamin, also known as vitamin H, widely used for hair loss, brittle or weak nails, and skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis.

Description

Biotin is an essential water-soluble vitamin, also known as vitamin H, that plays a vital role in major physiological processes including fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism, and gluconeogenesis. It acts as a crucial coenzyme for mitochondrial carboxylases, directly supporting epidermal cell growth and improving the keratin structure of hair roots and nail beds. Clinically, biotin supplements are widely prescribed to manage hair loss, strengthen weak or brittle nails, and alleviate dermatological conditions such as eczema and dermatitis.

Indications

Indicated for hair loss, weak, brittle or splitting nails, and eczema & dermatitis.

Therapeutic class

Herbal and Nutraceuticals

Pharmacological class

Water-soluble Vitamin / Coenzyme

Pharmacology

Biotin is an essential vitamin involved in vital physiological functions like fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism, and gluconeogenesis. It influences epidermal cell growth, functions as a coenzyme for mitochondrial carboxylases in hair roots, and improves keratin structure.

Mechanism of action

Acts as a cofactor in the enzymatic carboxylation of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. It improves keratin structure in hair roots and supports the growth and renewal of epidermal cells for skin, hair, and nails.

Dosage

Adults generally take 1-3 tablets per day. Children (with deficiency): 5-10 tablets daily, crushed and mixed with water or fruit juice. Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is 30 mcg/day for adults and 30-35 mcg/day during pregnancy and lactation.

Administration

Administered orally as advised by a physician. For children, tablets can be crushed and mixed with water or fruit juice.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double doses.

Side effects

Well tolerated at recommended doses. No biotin toxicity has been reported even with high supplementations of up to 200 mg orally or 20 mg intravenously per day.

Precautions & warnings

Should be used according to medical advice. Excessive consumption of raw egg whites can interfere with biotin absorption.

Contraindications

Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.

Drug interactions

Anticonvulsant drugs lower the plasma level of biotin. Antibiotic use may decrease the biotin contribution from the microflora of the large intestine.

Food interactions

Excessive consumption of raw egg whites interferes with biotin absorption due to the presence of avidin.

Use in pregnancy

Sufficient clinical data is not available for high-dose therapeutic use in pregnant women, though the recommended dietary allowance is 30 mcg/day. Use with medical guidance.

Use in lactation

The recommended dietary allowance during lactation is 35 mcg/day. Consult a physician before use.

Pediatric use

Used in children for specific deficiency states under medical supervision, typically 5-10 tablets daily crushed and mixed with water or fruit juice.

Geriatric use

Generally well tolerated in elderly individuals at recommended dosages, though medical consultation is advised.

Renal / hepatic impairment

No specific restrictions for mild renal or hepatic impairment, but should be used under medical guidance.

Overdose effects

No serious toxicity or overdose effects have been reported since it is a water-soluble vitamin and excess amounts are typically excreted by the body.

Storage conditions

Store in a cool and dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

Chemical structure

Biotin is a heterocyclic monocarboxylic acid consisting of a tetrahydrothiophene ring fused with a urea (imidazolone) ring system.

Common questions

What is Biotin used for?
Biotin is commonly used for hair loss, brittle or weak nails, and skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis.
Does Biotin have severe side effects?
No, Biotin is generally very well tolerated at recommended doses with no reported toxicity.
⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only — not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.