Generic
Lamivudine + Zidovudine
1 brands available in the market
At a glance
Lamivudine + Zidovudine is a combination of two antiretroviral medicines used for HIV infection. It prevents virus multiplication and boosts immunity.
Description
Lamivudine and Zidovudine are synthetic nucleoside analogues with activity against HIV. Both drugs are phosphorylated intracellularly to active 5'-triphosphate metabolites which inhibit reverse transcription via DNA chain termination. The drugs are rapidly absorbed from the GI tract, have low plasma protein binding, and are metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine.
Indications
- HIV-1 infection (in combination with other antiretrovirals)
Therapeutic class
Antiretroviral
Pharmacological class
NRTI Combination
Pharmacology
Lamivudine and Zidovudine are synthetic nucleoside analogues that are phosphorylated intracellularly to active triphosphate metabolites which inhibit reverse transcription via DNA chain termination.
Mechanism of action
Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase through viral DNA chain termination, preventing viral replication.
Dosage
Adult Dose (Oral):
- Each tablet contains lamivudine 150 mg and zidovudine 300 mg
- >30 kg: 1 tablet twice daily
- Avoid in patients <30 kg
Children (12 years & >30 kg): As adults
Renal Impairment: CrCl <50 mL/min: Not recommended
Administration
- Swallow tablet whole; do not chew, crush or break
- Can be taken with or without food
- Take at the same time each day
Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Cough
- Feeling of discomfort
- Nasal congestion
Precautions & warnings
- Monitor liver and kidney function regularly
- Avoid driving or activities requiring concentration (may cause dizziness and drowsiness)
- Use effective contraception
- Avoid alcohol
- Do not share needles or personal items
Contraindications
- Neutrophil count <0.75 x 10^9/L
- Hemoglobin levels <7.5 g/dL
- Lactation
- Severe liver disease
Drug interactions
- Acyclovir and valacyclovir may increase CNS depression
- Increased risk of hematologic toxicity with ganciclovir, dapsone, doxorubicin
- Increased risk of hepatic decompensation with interferon and ribavirin
- Methadone may increase levels/effects
Food interactions
Caution is advised when consuming alcohol with this combination; consult your doctor.
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: May be unsafe during pregnancy (FDA Category C). Animal studies have shown harmful effects on the fetus. Use only if potential benefits outweigh risks.
Pregnancy Category: C — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Use in lactation
Use in Lactation: Probably safe during breastfeeding. Limited human data suggests no significant risk to the baby. However, HIV-infected mothers should not breastfeed to avoid HIV transmission.
Pediatric use
This fixed-dose combination is not recommended for pediatric patients weighing less than 30 kg.
Geriatric use
Use with caution in elderly; no special dose adjustment may be needed.
Renal / hepatic impairment
Renal Impairment: Not recommended if CrCl <50 mL/min.
Hepatic Impairment: Not recommended in severe liver disease.
Overdose effects
No specific overdose information available; excessive doses may increase side effects.
Storage conditions
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light and moisture; keep out of reach of children.
Chemical structure
Lamivudine + Zidovudine