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At a glance

Cabozantinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients previously treated with sorafenib. It inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (MET, VEGFR, AXL, RET) to prevent tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Indications
  • Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) - in patients previously treated with sorafenib
Pharmacology

Cabozantinib inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (MET, VEGFR-1/2/3, AXL, RET, ROS1, TYRO3, MER, KIT, TRKB, FLT-3, TIE-2). It disrupts signaling pathways involved in tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor growth. The drug is highly protein-bound (≥99.7%), has a half-life of approximately 99 hours, and is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4.

Dosage

Adults (RCC and HCC): 60 mg once daily without food until clinical benefit is no longer observed or unacceptable toxicity occurs.

Administration instructions: Take at least 1 hour before or at least 2 hours after eating. Swallow tablets whole; do not crush.

Dose modification: Dose adjustments may be needed for patients with hepatic impairment and those taking CYP450 inhibitors/inducers.

Prior to surgery: Stop cabozantinib at least 28 days prior to scheduled surgery (including dental surgery).

Pediatric: Safety and effectiveness have not been established.

Side effects

Common side effects: Diarrhea (63%), Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (44%), Hypertension, Proteinuria (7%), Fatigue, Decreased appetite, Nausea, Vomiting, Weight loss, Abdominal pain.

Serious side effects: Hemorrhage (Grade 3 or 4 - discontinue); Perforations and fistulas (GI - 1%); Thrombotic events (Venous 7%, Arterial 2%); Hypertensive crisis; Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ - <1%); Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS); Wound complications.

Use in pregnancy

Can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women (Category D). Based on animal studies and mechanism of action, cabozantinib can cause fetal harm. Advise pregnant women of potential risk to the fetus. Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the final dose.

Pregnancy Category: D — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.

Precautions & warnings
  • Hemorrhage: Severe and fatal hemorrhages may occur; do not administer to patients with recent history of hemorrhage (hemoptysis, hematemesis, melena); discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 hemorrhage.
  • Perforations and Fistulas: GI perforations and fistulas (including fatal) may occur; monitor; discontinue if fistula cannot be appropriately managed or GI perforation occurs.
  • Thrombotic Events: Discontinue in patients who develop acute myocardial infarction or serious arterial/venous thromboembolic events.
  • Hypertension: Do not initiate in patients with uncontrolled hypertension; monitor blood pressure regularly; withhold until controlled and resume at reduced dose; discontinue for severe hypertension/hypertensive crisis.
  • Diarrhea: Withhold until improvement to Grade 1 and resume at reduced dose for intolerable Grade 2, Grade 3 (unmanageable with standard treatment), or Grade 4 diarrhea.
  • Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (PPE): Withhold until improvement to Grade 1 and resume at reduced dose for intolerable Grade 2 or Grade 3 PPE.
  • Proteinuria: Monitor urine protein regularly; discontinue for nephrotic syndrome.
  • Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ): Perform oral examination before and periodically during treatment; withhold for at least 28 days prior to dental surgery.
  • Wound Complications: Stop at least 28 days prior to scheduled surgery; resume after adequate wound healing.
  • RPLS: Evaluate if seizures, headache, visual disturbances, or confusion occur; discontinue if RPLS develops.
  • Contraception: Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the final dose.
Overdose effects

One reported case of overdose (2x intended dose for 9 days) resulted in Grade 3 memory impairment, mental status changes, cognitive disturbance, weight loss, and increased BUN. Consult your doctor immediately if overdose is suspected.

Storage conditions

Store below 30°C in a cool and dry place, away from sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Cabozantinib — see the full informationPharmacology, precautions, pregnancy, overdose and the rest on the generic page
⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only — not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.