৳ 1/unit
Pack: ৳ 1
৳ 1/unit
Pack: ৳ 1
At a glance
Insulin (Human) N (NPH insulin) is an intermediate-acting insulin used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Indications
- Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2)
Pharmacology
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels. It regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and lipolysis, and enhancing peripheral glucose disposal. NPH insulin (isophane insulin) is an intermediate-acting preparation containing equal amounts of protamine and insulin, ensuring slow release of insulin.
Dosage
Adult Dose (Subcutaneous):
- Type 1 Diabetes: 0.5-1 unit/kg/day in divided doses; nonobese: 0.4-0.6 unit/kg/day; obese: 0.8-1.2 units/kg/day
- Type 2 Diabetes: 0.3-0.6 units/kg/day in 1-2 divided doses; starting: 0.2 unit/kg/day
- Change insulin doses in small increments: Type 1 (2 units); Type 2 (2-4 units)
- When combined with regular insulin: Morning: 2/3 of daily dose (Regular:NPH = 1:2); Evening: 1/3 (Regular:NPH = 1:1)
Child Dose (Type 1, >12 years): 0.5-1 unit/kg/day; adolescents <1.2 units/kg/day
Side effects
Side Effects:
- Hypoglycemia
- Injection site reactions (redness, swelling, pain)
- Lipodystrophy
- Pruritus
- Rash
- Lipoatrophy
- Hypokalemia
- Blurred vision
- Insulin resistance
- Allergic reactions
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: Insulin is safe during pregnancy; insulin does not cross placental barrier; insulin requirements fall in 1st trimester, increase in 2nd and 3rd; return to pre-pregnancy values after delivery.
Precautions & warnings
Precautions:
- Pregnancy (insulin requirements fall in 1st trimester, increase in 2nd and 3rd) and lactation
- Caution with decreased insulin requirements: Diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, malabsorption, hypothyroidism, renal impairment, hepatic impairment
- Hypokalemia may occur
- Caution in renal and hepatic impairment (dosage requirements may be reduced)
- Caution with increased insulin requirements: Fever, hyperthyroidism, trauma, infection, surgery
- Not for IV or IM administration
Overdose effects
Overdose: No specific overdose definition for insulin; hypoglycemia may develop; mild episodes treated with oral glucose or sugary products; severe episodes with glucagon (0.5-1 mg) IM/SC or IV glucose; oral carbohydrate recommended after regaining consciousness.
Storage conditions
Store between 2°C-8°C in refrigerator; do not freeze; protect from light; during use may be stored below 25°C for 6 weeks or below 30°C for 4 weeks.