৳ 1/unit
Pack: ৳ 1
৳ 1/unit
Pack: ৳ 1
At a glance
Phenytoin Sodium is an antiepileptic medication used for the treatment of status epilepticus (grand mal type) and for the prevention and treatment of seizures during neurosurgery.
Indications
- Status epilepticus (grand mal type)
- Prevention and treatment of seizures during neurosurgery
Pharmacology
Phenytoin stabilizes neuronal membranes and decreases seizure activity by modulating sodium ion flux across cell membranes in the motor cortex. It extends the effective refractory period and suppresses ventricular pacemaker automaticity, demonstrating antiarrhythmic properties.
Dosage
Adult Dose (Oral):
- Initially: 3-4 mg/kg/day in divided doses
- Alternative: 200 mg/day, gradually increased to 400 mg/day (max 600 mg/day)
- No previous medication: 1 tablet three times daily
Pediatric Dose (Oral):
- Initially: 5 mg/kg/day in 2-3 equally divided doses
- Maintenance: 4-8 mg/kg/day (max 300 mg/day)
- >6 years: Minimal adult dose (300 mg/day)
Injection Dose:
- Status epilepticus (Adult): Load 10-15 mg/kg or 15-20 mg/kg at 25-50 mg/min; Maintenance: 100 mg IV q6-8hr
- Child: 15-20 mg/kg IV; additional 5-10 mg/kg after 10 min if needed; Maintenance: 4-8 mg/kg/day IV divided twice daily
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Skin rash
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Slurred speech
- Vertigo
- Confusion
- Nervousness
- Constipation
- Tremor
- Altered walking
- Insomnia
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: Unsafe during pregnancy; definite evidence of risk to the developing baby; doctor may prescribe in life-threatening situations if benefits outweigh risks.
Pregnancy Category: D — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Precautions & warnings
- May affect driving ability; do not drive if drowsy or dizzy
- Do not stop suddenly (may increase seizure frequency)
- May cause gum hypertrophy; maintain oral/dental hygiene
- May increase blood sugar levels; inform doctor if taking diabetes medications
- Do not change the brand of the medicine
- Periodic blood tests recommended with prolonged use
- Discontinue if skin rash appears
Overdose effects
Overdose: Nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, coma, hypotension, respiratory depression. Treatment: Supportive; gastric lavage; activated charcoal; phenytoin is not removed by dialysis.
Storage conditions
Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture; keep out of reach of children.