Xonimide50mg

Zonisamide is an anti-epileptic medicine used to treat seizures in epilepsy. It can be used by itself to treat adults or along with other medicines to treat adults and children. It helps to prevent seizures affecting a part or whole of the brain. Zonisamide suppresses the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. You can take it with or without food but try to take it at the same time each day to get the most benefit. The dose will depend on your condition and how you respond to the medicine. Your doctor will advise the right dose for you. You should continue taking it for as long as your doctor has told you to, even if you feel well. If you stop or miss doses your seizures could get worse. It may take several months to come off it safely. It is advised not to change the brand of medication without doctor consultation, and always keep a stock of medicine with you. Very few people taking it have any serious problems but the most common side effects of this medicine include dizziness, loss of appetite, memory loss, drowsiness, and impaired concentration. You may also experience altered walking, impaired coordination, and unusual anger. Side effects are more common during the first few weeks and usually lessen as your body gets used to the medicine. Most do not need medical attention, but some of them can be serious. Let your doctor know if you have any symptoms as there may be ways of preventing or reducing them. A small number of people being treated with this medicine have had thoughts of harming or killing themselves. Contact your doctor if your mood changes for the worse. Please do not take this medicine if you are allergic to sulfa medicines. Before taking it, you should tell your doctor if you have kidney problems, depression or suicidal thoughts and if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. You should not breastfeed while taking this medicine. Alcohol may increase the risk of seizures and worsen the side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness. Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine. Drowsiness and dizziness may affect your ability to drive or operate machinery. Your kidney function may need to be tested often while taking this medicine. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic medication. It prevents seizures in patients with epilepsy by suppressing the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain.

• Epilepsy/Seizures

djunct Anti-Epileptic Drugs

Anticonvulsant / Sulfonamide derivative

The exact mechanism of Zonisamide is not fully understood. It acts on sodium and calcium channels, stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing abnormal neuronal firing. It also inhibits carbonic anhydrase, which may cause metabolic acidosis.

Zonisamide is a benzisoxazole derivative anticonvulsant containing sulfonamide. It may act on voltage sensitive Na and Ca channels, thereby affecting neuronal firing, hence reducing the spread of seizure discharges. It may modulate GABA-mediated neuronal inhibition.

Adult Dose: Oral Adjunct in partial seizures Adult: Initially, 50 mg daily in 2 divided doses, increase to 100 mg daily after 1 wk. Thereafter, may further increase dose at wkly intervals in increments of up to 100 mg. Usual maintenance dose: 300-500 mg daily, some patients may respond to lower doses. Monotherapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalisation Adult: In patients w/ newly diagnosed epilepsy: Initially, 100 mg once daily, increase to 200 mg once daily after 2 wk. May further increase by increments of 100 mg at intervals of at least 2 wk. Usual maintenance dose: 300 mg once daily, up to 500 mg daily. Hepatic impairment: Mild to moderate: Slower dosage titration may be needed. Severe: Not recommended. Child Dose: Oral Adjunct in partial seizures Child: >6 yr Initially, 1 mg/kg once daily for 1 wk, may increase by increments of 1 mg/kg at wkly interval. Usual maintenance dose: 20-55 kg: 6-8 mg/kg once daily; >55 kg: 300-500 mg once daily, some may respond to lower dose. Renal Dose: Renal impairment: GFR ?50 mL/min: Slower dosage titration may be needed. GFR <50 mL/min: Not recommended.

Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Zonisamide may be taken with or without food, but it is better to take it at a fixed time.

If you miss a dose of Zonisamide, skip it and continue with your normal schedule. Do not double the dose.

Common: • Dizziness • Loss of appetite • Memory impairment • Drowsiness • Impaired concentration • Altered walking • Impaired coordination • Anger

[UNSAFE] Zonisamide may cause side effects which could affect your ability to drive. As Zonisamide may affect your concentration, ability to react/respond, and may make you feel sleepy, particularly at the beginning of your treatment or after your dose is increased. Take your medication regularly as directed by your doctor as missing doses can trigger seizures. Do not change the brand of your medicine and make sure that you have sufficient amount of medicine present with you. Some healthy tips to prevent seizures: Do not drive or do anything that requires mental focus until you know how this medicine affects you. Drink plenty of water while taking Zonisamide to reduce the risk of kidney stones and heat stroke. Inform your doctor if you have sudden pain in your stomach, pain on urinating, or if you find blood in your urine. It may cause loss of appetite and weight. Monitor your weight regularly. Inform your doctor if you develop any unusual changes in mood or behavior, new or worsening depression, or suicidal thoughts or behavior. Do not stop taking the medication suddenly without talking to your doctor as it may increase the seizure frequency.

Hypersensitivity to zonisamide or sulfonamides

Reduced plasma concentration w/ phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine. Increased risk of metabolic acidosis w/ carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. acetazolamide).

[UNSAFE] Zonisamide may cause excessive drowsiness with alcohol.

[CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR] Zonisamide may be unsafe to use during pregnancy. Although there are limited studies in humans, animal studies have shown harmful effects on the developing baby. Your doctor will weigh the benefits and any potential risks before prescribing it to you. Please consult your doctor.

[CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR] Zonisamide is probably unsafe to use during breastfeeding. Limited human data suggests that the drug may pass into the breastmilk and harm the baby.

Safety and effectiveness have not been established in children below 16 years of age.

Elderly patients may require cautious dose selection and monitoring.

[CAUTION] Zonisamide should be used with caution in patients with severe kidney disease. Dose adjustment of Zonisamide may be needed. Please consult your doctor. [CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR] There is limited information available on the use of Zonisamide in patients with liver disease. Please consult your doctor. Use of Zonisamide is not recommended in patients with severe liver disease.

Overdose may cause: Severe drowsiness Coma Bradycardia Hypotension Respiratory depression

Store in a dry place. Protect from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Generic Name: Zonisamide Chemical Class: Sulfonamide derivative Molecular Formula: C₈H₈N₂O₃S Molecular Weight: 212.23 g/mol

Question: What is Zonisamide? Answer: Zonisamide is an antiepileptic medicine used to control seizures in patients with epilepsy. Question: What is Zonisamide used for? Answer: It is used as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. Question: How should Zonisamide be taken? Answer: Zonisamide should be taken once or twice daily as directed by a healthcare professional. The capsule should be swallowed whole. Question: Can Zonisamide be taken with food? Answer: Yes, Zonisamide can be taken with or without food. Question: What are the common side effects of Zonisamide? Answer: Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, loss of appetite, fatigue, difficulty with coordination, and memory or concentration problems. Question: Is it important to drink enough water while taking Zonisamide? Answer: Yes, maintaining adequate hydration is important as it may help reduce the risk of kidney stones. Question: Can Zonisamide be used during pregnancy? Answer: Zonisamide may cause harm to the fetus. It should only be used during pregnancy under the advice of a healthcare professional. Question: Can Zonisamide be used during breastfeeding? Answer: Zonisamide may pass into breast milk. Consult a healthcare professional before using it during breastfeeding. Question: Can children use Zonisamide? Answer: The safety and effectiveness of Zonisamide have not been established in children below 16 years of age. Question: Who should not use Zonisamide? Answer: Patients with hypersensitivity to Zonisamide or sulfonamide medicines should not use this medicine. Question: How should Zonisamide be stored? Answer: Store Zonisamide in a dry place, protect from light, and keep out of reach of children.