Generic
Moxifloxacin
33 brands available in the market
At a glance
Moxifloxacin is a 4th generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for bacterial infections. It inhibits bacterial DNA replication and cell division.
Description
Moxifloxacin is a 4th generation synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It has activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic and atypical bacteria including Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV to prevent bacterial DNA replication, transcription and repair.
Indications
- Acute bacterial sinusitis
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
- Community acquired pneumonia
- Uncomplicated & complicated skin and skin structure infections
- Complicated intra-abdominal infections
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Typhoid fever
- Bacterial conjunctivitis (eye drops)
Therapeutic class
4-Quinolone Preparations
Pharmacological class
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic
Pharmacology
Moxifloxacin inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV to prevent bacterial DNA replication, transcription and repair, resulting in bacterial cell death.
Mechanism of action
Prevents bacterial growth by inhibiting DNA replication.
Dosage
Adult Dose (Oral):
- Acute bacterial sinusitis: 400 mg once daily, 10 days
- Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 400 mg once daily, 5 days
- Community acquired pneumonia: 400 mg once daily, 7-14 days
- Uncomplicated skin infections: 400 mg once daily, 7 days
- Complicated skin infections: 400 mg once daily, 7-21 days
- Complicated intra-abdominal infections: 400 mg once daily, 5-14 days
- Pelvic inflammatory disease: 400 mg once daily, 14 days
- Typhoid fever: 400 mg once daily, 10-14 days
Eye Drops: 1 drop in affected eye(s) 2 times daily for 7 days
Administration
- Oral tablets: May be taken with or without food
- Eye drops: Do not touch dropper to eye; place in lower eyelid; wipe off extra liquid
- Wait 5-10 minutes after eye drop application
Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember; skip if it's almost time for next dose; do not double the dose.
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Headache, dizziness
- Eye discomfort, dry eye, burning sensation (drops)
Serious: Tendinitis, tendon rupture, QT prolongation
Precautions & warnings
- Discontinue if tendinitis or tendon pain occurs
- Risk of QT prolongation; correct electrolyte imbalances
- Caution in myasthenia gravis
- Safety not established in patients <18 years
- Caution during pregnancy and lactation
- Caution when driving (may cause dizziness)
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- QT prolongation
- Uncorrected hypokalemia
- Myasthenia gravis
- Concurrent use with Class Ia or III antiarrhythmics
Drug interactions
- Decreased absorption with antacids, sucralfate, multivitamins, iron or zinc
- Increased risk of tendon disorders with corticosteroids (especially >60 years)
- Increased seizure risk with NSAIDs
- Increased bleeding risk with warfarin
Food interactions
Food does not affect absorption.
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: Moxifloxacin may be unsafe during pregnancy (Category C); animal studies show evidence of fetal harm. Use only if clearly needed.
Pregnancy Category: C — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Use in lactation
Use in Lactation: Moxifloxacin may be unsafe during breastfeeding; may pass into breast milk and harm the baby.
Pediatric use
Safety and efficacy not established in children under 18 years.
Geriatric use
Elderly (>60 years) have increased risk of tendon disorders with corticosteroids.
Renal / hepatic impairment
Renal Impairment: No dose adjustment needed in kidney disease.
Hepatic Impairment: No dose adjustment needed in liver disease.
Overdose effects
Overdose: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness; symptomatic treatment.
Storage conditions
Store in a dry place, away from light and heat; keep out of reach of children.
Chemical structure
Moxifloxacin