৳ 1.50/unit
Pack: ৳ 15
৳ 1.50/unit
Pack: ৳ 15
At a glance
Phenobarbitone (Phenobarbital) is a barbiturate used for the treatment and prevention of epilepsy (seizures). It controls seizures by suppressing abnormal and excessive activity of nerve cells in the brain and also has sedative and hypnotic properties.
Indications
- Epilepsy/Seizures
- Sedation
- Insomnia (short-term)
Pharmacology
Phenobarbitone is a short-acting barbiturate that depresses the sensory cortex, reduces motor activity, alters cerebellar function, and produces drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis. Its anticonvulsant property is exhibited at high doses. It acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition and elevating seizure threshold.
Dosage
Adult Dose (Oral):
- Sedation: 30-120 mg daily in 2-3 divided doses; max 400 mg/day
- Insomnia (hypnotic): 100-320 mg; do not administer for >2 weeks
- Generalized tonic-clonic/Partial seizures: 60-180 mg/day at night
- Status epilepticus/Acute seizures: 100-300 mg/day at bedtime
- Elderly: Reduce dose
- Hepatic impairment: Reduce dose; Severe: Contraindicated
Pediatric Dose (Oral):
- Sedation: 2 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses
- Status epilepticus/Acute seizures: 3-5 mg/kg or 125 mg/m²/day
- Neonates (>12 years): 1-3 mg/kg/day in 1-2 divided doses OR 50-100 mg BID/TID
- Preoperative sedation: 1-3 mg/kg
Injection Dose: Adult: Status epilepticus 200-600 mg or 15-18 mg/kg IV loading; Child: 15-20 mg/kg IV (max 2 mg/kg/min; max 1000 mg/dose)
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Hyperactivity
- Depression
- Confusion
- Decreased blood pressure
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Constipation
- Excitement
- Hangover
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: Unsafe during pregnancy; definite evidence of risk to the developing baby; doctor may prescribe in life-threatening situations if benefits outweigh risks.
Pregnancy Category: D — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Precautions & warnings
- May be habit-forming with long-term use
- May affect driving ability; do not drive if drowsy or dizzy
- Do not stop suddenly (may increase seizure frequency)
- Inform doctor if skin rash with fever occurs
- Inform doctor if joint pain or history of bone disease
- Caution in pregnancy and lactation
Overdose effects
Overdose: CNS and respiratory depression; 1 gram dose produces serious poisoning; 2-10 grams can cause death. Treatment: Supportive; immediate hospitalization required.
Storage conditions
Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture; keep out of reach of children.