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At a glance
Lactulose is a synthetic sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It draws water into the intestine through osmosis to soften stool and reduces ammonia absorption.
Indications
- Constipation (including chronic constipation)
- Hepatic encephalopathy (liver disease-associated coma and pre-coma)
- Intestinal flora disturbances (e.g., after long-term antibiotic use)
- Increased blood ammonia levels (hyperammonemia)
Dosage
Constipation (Adult):
- Initial: 15-30 mL (10-20 g) once daily; may increase to 60 mL (40 g) once daily
- Long-term: 1.5-6 teaspoonfuls daily
- Children (up to 14 years): Initial 3 teaspoonfuls daily; Long-term 1-2 teaspoonfuls
- Infants and toddlers: Initial 1-2 teaspoonfuls daily; Long-term 1 teaspoonful
Portal Systemic Encephalopathy:
- 30-45 mL (20-30 g) q6-8hr; adjusted until 2-3 soft stools/day
- In acute cases: q1-2hr
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Flatulence
- Abdominal pain/cramps
- Abdominal distension
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea (with overdose)
Side effects are usually transient and improve with dose reduction.
Precautions & warnings
- Monitor serum electrolytes on long-term therapy
- Caution in diabetic patients (contains sugar)
- Caution in galactose or lactose intolerance
- Do not use with other laxatives
- Do not use if intestinal obstruction is suspected
⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only — not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.