৳ 31/unit
Pack: ৳ 310
৳ 31/unit
Pack: ৳ 310
At a glance
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of various cancers and nephrotic syndrome in children.
Indications
- Malignant lymphomas (Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic lymphoma, mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma)
- Multiple myeloma
- Leukemias (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children)
- Mycosis fungoides
- Neuroblastoma
- Adenocarcinoma of the ovary
- Retinoblastoma
- Carcinoma of the breast
- Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in children
Pharmacology
Cyclophosphamide is biotransformed principally in the liver to active alkylating metabolites by a mixed function microsomal oxidase system. These metabolites interfere with the growth of susceptible rapidly proliferating malignant cells. The mechanism of action is thought to involve cross-linking of tumor cell DNA. Cyclophosphamide is well absorbed after oral administration with a bioavailability greater than 75%. The unchanged drug has an elimination half-life of 3 to 12 hours. It is eliminated primarily in the form of metabolites, but from 5 to 25% of the dose is excreted in urine as unchanged drug.
Dosage
Adult - Malignant Diseases (IV intermittent): 40-50 mg/kg (400-1800 mg/m²) divided over 2-5 days; may be repeated at intervals of 2-4 weeks.
Adult - Malignant Diseases (IV continuous): 60-120 mg/m²/day (1-2.5 mg/kg/day)
Adult - Malignant Diseases (PO intermittent): 400-1000 mg/m² divided over 4-5 days
Adult - Malignant Diseases (PO continuous): 50-100 mg/m²/day or 1-5 mg/kg/day
Nephrotic Syndrome (children): 2.5-3 mg/kg/day for 60-90 days
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: 600-1500 mg/m² IV (part of CHOP regimen)
Breast Cancer: 600 mg/m² IV
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Anorexia
- Abdominal discomfort or pain
- Diarrhea
- Alopecia
- Skin rash
- Leukopenia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Anemia
- Fever
- Blood in urine
Serious Side Effects:
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
- Interstitial pneumonitis
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Anaphylactic reactions
- SIADH
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hemorrhagic colitis
Use in pregnancy
Pregnancy Category D. Cyclophosphamide is unsafe during pregnancy as there is definite evidence of risk to the developing baby. May be prescribed in life-threatening situations if benefits outweigh risks. Please consult your doctor.
Pregnancy Category: D — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Precautions & warnings
- May affect your ability to drive (dizziness, blurred vision).
- Drink plenty of fluids and urinate frequently to prevent bladder problems.
- Regular blood tests are required to monitor blood counts.
- Consult your doctor before getting any vaccines.
- Contact your doctor immediately if you experience difficulty in urinating or blood in urine.
- Use with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease.
Overdose effects
No specific antidote is known. Overdosage should be managed with supportive measures, including appropriate treatment for concurrent infection, myelosuppression, or cardiac toxicity.
Storage conditions
Store at a temperature not exceeding 25°C in a dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze.