৳ 4.54/unit
Pack: ৳ 4.54
৳ 4.54/unit
Pack: ৳ 4.54
At a glance
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to prevent and treat gout. It lowers blood uric acid levels and prevents uric acid crystal formation in joints and kidneys.
Indications
Gouty arthritis, skin tophi, nephrolithiasis (where urate/uric acid deposition has occurred); 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) renal stones; recurrent mixed calcium oxalate renal stones with hyperuricosuria.
Pharmacology
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that acts on purine catabolism. It inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Approximately 90% is absorbed from the GI tract. Peak plasma levels occur at 1.5-4.5 hours. Plasma half-life is approximately 1-2 hours. Approximately 20% is excreted in feces.
Dosage
Adults:
- Mild: 100-200 mg/day
- Moderate: 300-600 mg/day
- Severe: 700-900 mg/day
- Starting dose: 100 mg/day (to reduce side effect risk)
Children (under 15 years): 10-20 mg/kg/day (max 400 mg/day)
Elderly: Lowest effective dose
Renal impairment: Severe insufficiency: <100 mg/day or longer intervals
Side effects
Common side effects: Skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal discomfort
Rare: Malaise, headache, dizziness, vertigo, drowsiness, visual and taste disturbances, hypertension, alopecia, hepatotoxicity, neuropathy, gynecomastia, blood disorders
Serious allergy: Discontinue immediately if rash appears
Use in pregnancy
Inadequate evidence of safety in human pregnancy. Use only when no safer alternative exists and disease carries risk to mother or unborn child.
Pregnancy Category: C — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Precautions & warnings
- Discontinue immediately if skin rash or signs of allergy appear
- Reduce dose in hepatic or renal impairment
- Use during pregnancy only when no safer alternative exists
- Caution during lactation
- Avoid alcohol (may trigger gout flare)
- Caution while driving (may cause drowsiness, dizziness)
Overdose effects
Ingestion of up to 20g may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. Maintain adequate hydration. Hemodialysis may be used if necessary.
Storage conditions
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.