Acetazolamide

Acetazolamide is a medicine used to reduce pressure in the eyes. This pressure can be caused by or lead to an illness called glaucoma. If the pressure in your eye is too high it can damage your sight. Acetazolamide works by decreasing the amount of fluid inside the eye. You can take Acetazolamide with or without food. The dose will depend on your condition and how your respond to the medicine. Try to take it at the same time each day. It is important to keep taking this medicine until your doctor tells you not to. Use this medicine regularly to get the most benefit from it even if you feel well. The most common side effect is headache. Other side effects include feeling tired, dizziness and taste change. Make sure you read the leaflet that comes with your medicines and tell your doctor if you are bothered by side effects or they do not go away. It may be possible to adjust your dose or try a different medicine. This drug is not recommended during pregnancy and you should ask your doctor before taking it if you have kidney or liver disease, heart trouble or diabetes. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It works in glaucoma by decreasing the production of aqueous humour (fluid in the eye), thereby lowering the increased eye pressure. It also acts on the kidneys to remove extra water and electrolytes through urine to relieve fluid retention and oedema (swelling). In epilepsy, it relieves seizures (fits) by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain.

• Glaucoma

Should be taken with food.

Adult Dose: Potassium supplements may be required. Impaired hepatic or renal function; diabetes. Monitor plasma electrolytes and blood count regularly. IM route is not recommended. Caution when driving or operating machinery. Elderly. Lactation: Enters breast milk; not recommended Renal Dose: Acetazolamide specifically inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which catalyses the reversible reaction involving the hydration of CO2 and dehydration of carbonic acid. It increases the excretion of HCO3 ions and as well as Na and K leading to alkaline diuresis. Carbonic anhydrase is also inhibited in the CNS to retard abnormal and excessive discharge from neurons.

Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Acetazolamide may be taken with or without food, but it is better to take it at a fixed time.

If you miss a dose of Acetazolamide, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Common: • Headache • Dizziness • Tiredness • Frequent urge to urinate • Tingling sensation of extremity • Numbness of extremity • Loss of appetite • Excitement • Feeling sick • Diarrhea • Taste change • Flushing (sense of warmth in the face, ears, neck and trunk)

[UNSAFE] Acetazolamide may cause side effects which could affect your ability to drive. .Acetazolamide can occasionally cause short-sightedness, drowsiness or confusion which may affect your ability to drive. Acetazolamide helps lower high pressure in the eye and reduce the risk of vision loss. Usually used in combination with other anti-glaucoma medications. Take it as per dose and duration suggested by your doctor. Use caution while driving or doing anything that requires concentration as Acetazolamide can make you very drowsy. It may cause a tingling sensation in hands and feet. Take potassium-rich foods (banana and coconut water), and get potassium levels checked regularly.

<12 years: Safety and efficacy is not established

Hypersensitivity to sulphonamides; sodium or potassium depletion, hepatic insufficiency; hepatic cirrhosis; hyperchloraemic acidosis; severe renal impairment; severe pulmonary obstruction; chronic noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma; adrenocortical insufficiency. Pregnancy, lactation.

[CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR] It is not known whether it is safe to consume alcohol with Acetazolamide. Please consult your doctor.

[CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR] Acetazolamide may be unsafe to use during pregnancy. Although there are limited studies in humans, animal studies have shown harmful effects on the developing baby. Your doctor will weigh the benefits and any potential risks before prescribing it to you. Please consult your doctor.

[SAFE IF PRESCRIBED] Acetazolamide is safe to use during breastfeeding. Human studies suggest that the drug does not pass into the breastmilk in a significant amount and is not harmful to the baby. Doses of up to 1000 mg daily produce low levels in milk and would not be expected to cause any harmful effects in breastfed babies.

[CAUTION] Acetazolamide should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease. Dose adjustment of Acetazolamide may be needed. Please consult your doctor. Use of Acetazolamide is not recommended in patients with severe kidney disease. [CAUTION] Acetazolamide should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Dose adjustment of Acetazolamide may be needed. Please consult your doctor. Use of Acetazolamide is not recommended in patients with severe kidney disease.

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