Generic
Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Rifampicin
6 brands available in the market
At a glance
Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Rifampicin combination is used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB).
Description
Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Rifampicin is a combination of three antitubercular drugs. Isoniazid prevents the TB bacteria from forming their own protective covering, Rifampicin inactivates a bacterial enzyme (RNA-polymerase) required by bacteria to make essential proteins and reproduce, and Pyrazinamide slows the growth of these bacteria. Together, they kill the bacteria and eradicate the infection.
Indications
- Tuberculosis (TB)
Therapeutic class
Anti-tubercular antibiotics
Pharmacological class
Antimycobacterial (Combination)
Pharmacology
Isoniazid prevents TB bacteria from forming their own protective covering. Rifampicin inactivates bacterial enzyme (RNA-polymerase) which is required by bacteria to make essential proteins and to reproduce. Pyrazinamide slows the growth of these bacteria. Together, they kill the bacteria and eradicate the infection.
Mechanism of action
Isoniazid prevents bacterial protective covering formation; Rifampicin inactivates RNA-polymerase; Pyrazinamide slows bacterial growth.
Dosage
Adult Dose (Oral):
- Take as part of TB treatment regimen as prescribed
- Take on empty stomach
Child Dose: Dose determined by physician based on weight
Administration
Take on empty stomach; swallow whole; do not chew, crush or break; take at the same time every day; avoid tyramine-rich foods (cheese, smoked fish, meats, some beers).
Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible; if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to regular schedule; do not double the dose.
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Rash
- Dark colored urine
- Sweating
- Increased salivation
- Peripheral neuropathy (tingling and numbness of feet and hand)
- Increased liver enzymes
- Jaundice
- Increased uric acid level in blood
- Gout
Precautions & warnings
Precautions:
- Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Rifampicin may affect your ability to drive (dizziness, vision problems)
- Regular monitoring of liver function tests advised
- Avoid alcohol (may cause disulfiram reaction)
- Caution in kidney and liver disease
- Caution in pregnancy and lactation
Contraindications
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity to any components
- Acute liver disease
Drug interactions
Drug Interactions:
- Rifampicin reduces effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives
- Reduced absorption with antacids
- Interactions with anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, digoxin, oral hypoglycemic agents
Food interactions
Food Interactions: Consuming alcohol while taking this medicine may cause flushing, increased heart beat, nausea, thirst, chest pain and low blood pressure (Disulfiram reaction); avoid tyramine-rich foods.
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: May be unsafe; animal studies have shown harmful effects; doctor will weigh benefits and risks.
Pregnancy Category: C — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Use in lactation
Use in Lactation: Probably safe; limited human data suggests drug does not represent significant risk to baby.
Pediatric use
Pediatric dose determined by physician based on weight.
Geriatric use
No specific data for elderly; however caution advised.
Renal / hepatic impairment
Renal Impairment: Caution in kidney disease; dose adjustment may be needed.
Hepatic Impairment: Caution in liver disease; dose adjustment may be needed; regular monitoring of liver function tests advised.
Overdose effects
Overdose: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, confusion, liver toxicity; seek emergency medical attention; gastric lavage and activated charcoal; symptomatic treatment.
Storage conditions
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture; keep out of reach of children.
Chemical structure
Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Rifampicin