Generic
Miglitol
2 brands available in the market
At a glance
Miglitol is an anti-diabetic medicine used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Description
Miglitol is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that reversibly inhibits intestinal enzymes responsible for breaking complex sugars into glucose.
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Therapeutic class
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Pharmacological class
Anti-diabetic
Pharmacology
Miglitol reversibly inhibits membrane-bound intestinal α-glucosidase enzymes which hydrolyse oligosaccharides and disaccharides to glucose.
Mechanism of action
Delays carbohydrate breakdown to control post-meal blood glucose.
Dosage
Adult Dose:
- Initial Dose: 25 mg three times daily (with each main meal)
- Maintenance Dose: 50 mg three times daily (for approximately 3 months)
- Maximum Dose: 100 mg three times daily
Child Dose: Safety and efficacy not established.
Administration
- Take with food
- Swallow tablet whole
- Take at the same time each day
Missed dose
If you miss a dose skip it and continue with your normal schedule. Do not double the dose.
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Flatulence (gas)
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Skin rash
Precautions & warnings
- Contraindicated in diabetic ketoacidosis
- Contraindicated in inflammatory bowel disease
- Contraindicated in partial intestinal obstruction
- Not recommended in severe renal impairment
- Caution in pregnancy and lactation
Contraindications
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Colonic ulceration
- Partial intestinal obstruction
- Chronic intestinal diseases
- Hypersensitivity to Miglitol
Drug interactions
- Insulin: Increased risk of hypoglycemia
- Intestinal Adsorbents: Reduced effect
- Amylase and Pancreatin: Reduced effect
- Ranitidine and Propranolol: Reduced bioavailability
Food interactions
Alcohol with Miglitol may increase risk of hypoglycemia.
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy (Category B): Generally safe. Animal studies show low or no adverse effects.
Pregnancy Category: B — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Use in lactation
Use in Lactation: Probably safe. Excreted in breast milk in very small amounts.
Pediatric use
Safety and efficacy in children not established.
Geriatric use
No specific dose adjustment for elderly.
Renal / hepatic impairment
Renal Impairment: Mild-moderate: no dose adjustment needed; Severe: not recommended.
Hepatic Impairment: Probably safe - dose adjustment may not be needed.
Overdose effects
Overdose will not result in hypoglycemia. May cause transient increase in flatulence diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.
Storage conditions
Store in a cool and dry place. Protect from light.
Chemical structure
Miglitol