৳ 1/unit
Pack: ৳ 100
৳ 1/unit
Pack: ৳ 100
At a glance
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic (water pill) used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid overload) associated with heart, liver, kidney, or lung disease.
Indications
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Edema associated with congestive heart failure
- Edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis
- Edema associated with premenstrual tension
- Edema due to renal dysfunction (nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure)
Pharmacology
Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules, increasing excretion of sodium and water. It also causes potassium loss and increased serum uric acid. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue.
Dosage
Adult Dose (Oral):
- Hypertension: Initial: 12.5 mg; may increase to 25-50 mg daily as needed
- Edema: 25-100 mg daily in 1-2 divided doses or intermittently on alternate days or 3-5 days a week
- Elderly: 12.5-25 mg once daily; titrate in increments of 12.5 mg
Child Dose (Oral):
- Hypertension & Edema (2-12 years): 1-2 mg/kg/day in 1-2 divided doses; Max: 100 mg/day
- Infants under 6 months: up to 3 mg/kg daily
Renal Dose: CrCl 10 mL/min: No dose adjustment; not effective with CrCl <30 mL/min unless combined with loop diuretic
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Increased blood uric acid
- Decreased potassium level in blood
- Glucose intolerance
- Altered blood lipid level
Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, gastric irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, pancreatitis
CNS: Dizziness, vertigo, paresthesia, yellow vision
Hematological: Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Cardiovascular: Hypotension (including orthostatic)
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: May be unsafe; thiazides cross the placental barrier and appear in cord blood; may cause fetal or neonatal jaundice, thrombocytopenia; routine use in healthy pregnant women is not recommended.
Precautions & warnings
Precautions:
- Hydrochlorothiazide may decrease alertness, affect vision or make you feel sleepy and dizzy; do not drive if these symptoms occur
- Take in the morning with breakfast to avoid getting up at night to urinate
- Avoid alcohol (may increase dizziness)
- May cause sudden drop of sodium level; avoid low sodium diet
- Monitor blood pressure; notify doctor if it does not lower down
- Notify doctor if dizziness, tiredness, or muscle weakness persists
- Monitor for signs of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- Caution in kidney or liver disease
Overdose effects
Overdose: Electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration from excessive diuresis; hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias if digitalis also given; symptomatic and supportive measures.
Storage conditions
Store below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture; keep out of reach of children.