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At a glance

Nivolumab is a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blocking antibody used for various cancers. It blocks the PD-1 protein on T-cells to activate T-cells to locate and kill cancer cells.

Indications
  • BRAF V600 wild-type or mutation-positive melanoma
  • Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (after platinum-based chemotherapy)
  • Advanced renal cell carcinoma
  • Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
  • Urothelial carcinoma
  • Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (after sorafenib)
Pharmacology

Nivolumab binds to PD-1 receptor and blocks its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2, releasing PD-1 pathway-mediated inhibition of immune response. It enhances T-cell activation and proliferation to activate anti-tumor immune response.

Dosage

Adult Dose (IV):

  • Single agent: 240 mg every 2 weeks OR 480 mg every 4 weeks; IV infusion over 30 minutes
  • With ipilimumab: 1 mg/kg nivolumab + 3 mg/kg ipilimumab every 3 weeks (max 4 doses); then 240 mg every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks
Side effects

Common Side Effects (≥20%):

  • Fatigue
  • Rash
  • Musculoskeletal pain
  • Pruritus
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Asthenia
  • Cough
  • Dyspnea
  • Constipation
  • Decreased appetite
  • Back pain
  • Arthralgia
  • Upper respiratory tract infection
  • Pyrexia
  • Headache
  • Abdominal pain

Serious: Immune-mediated pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, endocrinopathies, nephritis, encephalitis, infusion reactions

Use in pregnancy

Use in Pregnancy: Nivolumab is highly unsafe during pregnancy; definite evidence of severe fetal harm. Do not use.

Pregnancy Category: D — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.

Precautions & warnings
  • Monitor for immune-mediated adverse reactions
  • Withhold for moderate reactions; permanently discontinue for severe or life-threatening
  • Can cause fetal harm; use effective contraception (5 months after last dose)
  • Discontinue breastfeeding
Overdose effects

Limited information on overdose; symptomatic treatment.

Storage conditions

Store at 2-8°C (refrigerator); do not freeze; protect from light; keep out of reach of children.

Nivolumab — see the full informationPharmacology, precautions, pregnancy, overdose and the rest on the generic page
⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only — not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.