Generic
Mannitol 20%
4 brands available in the market
At a glance
Mannitol 20% is used for acute renal failure, cerebral edema, and reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma. It acts as an osmotic diuretic to draw water out of body tissues.
Description
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that raises plasma osmotic pressure to draw water out of body tissues and inhibits tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes to increase urine output.
Indications
- Acute renal failure (oliguric phase)
- Cerebral edema (excessive fluid accumulation in the brain)
- Elevated intraocular pressure (glaucoma)
- Renal function testing
- Reperfusion injury
- Bladder irrigation
- Bowel preparation
- Management of poisoning
Therapeutic class
Osmotic Diuretics
Pharmacological class
Osmotic Diuretic
Pharmacology
Mannitol raises plasma osmotic pressure to draw water out of body tissues and inhibits tubular reabsorption to increase urine output.
Mechanism of action
Draws water out of tissues and increases urine output to reduce edema and intraocular pressure.
Dosage
Adult Dose (IV):
- Renal failure (oliguric): 50-100 g in 24-hour period; adjust rate to maintain urine flow of 30-50 mL/hr
- Cerebral edema/intraocular pressure: 0.25-2 g/kg IV over 30-60 minutes
- Renal function testing: 0.2 g/kg infused over 3-5 minutes
Child Dose (IV):
- Edema: 0.25-1 g/kg initially; maintenance 0.25-0.5 g/kg q4-6hr
- Anuria/Oliguria test dose: 0.2 g/kg over 3-5 minutes; not to exceed 12.5 g
Administration
- Administered as IV infusion by doctor or nurse only; do not self-administer
- Adjust rate to maintain urine flow of 30-50 mL/hr
Missed dose
If you miss a dose, please consult your doctor.
Side effects
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Dehydration
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- Circulatory overload
- Acidosis
- Thirst, dizziness, fever, tachycardia
Precautions & warnings
- Monitor rate of administration to avoid fluid and electrolyte imbalance and circulatory overloading
- Discontinue infusion if signs of progressive renal dysfunction, heart failure, or pulmonary congestion develop
- Do not administer with whole blood
- Caution in pregnancy and lactation
Contraindications
- Pulmonary congestion or edema
- Intracranial bleeding
- Congestive heart failure
- Metabolic edema with abnormal capillary fragility
- Anuria due to severe renal disease
- Severe dehydration
Drug interactions
- Increased nephrotoxicity with cyclosporine
Food interactions
Safety with alcohol is not known; consult your doctor.
Use in pregnancy
Use in Pregnancy: Mannitol 20% may be unsafe during pregnancy (Category C); animal studies have shown harmful effects on the fetus. Consult your doctor.
Pregnancy Category: C — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.
Use in lactation
Use in Lactation: Mannitol 20% is probably safe during breastfeeding; limited human data suggests no significant risk to the baby.
Pediatric use
Pediatric doses are established (weight-based).
Geriatric use
Caution needed in elderly.
Renal / hepatic impairment
Renal Impairment: Probably safe in kidney disease; dose adjustment may not be needed.
Hepatic Impairment: Limited information available; consult your doctor.
Overdose effects
Overdose may cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance, circulatory overload, and acidosis; symptomatic treatment.
Storage conditions
Store at 20-30°C; crystals may form at lower temperatures; dissolve by warming in hot water for 30 minutes; discard unused contents from opened containers.
Chemical structure
Mannitol 20%