osudhkosh

Generic

Pefloxacin

10 brands available in the market

At a glance

Pefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is effective in infections of the urinary tract, nose, throat, skin, soft tissues, and lungs (pneumonia).

Description

Pefloxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent belonging to the fluoroquinolone group. It exerts its action by inhibiting the subunit-A of DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase II). Pefloxacin is bactericidal and has a broad spectrum of activity.

Indications
  • Gastrointestinal infections (enteric fever, acute bacterial diarrhea, chronic Salmonella carriers)
  • Urinary tract infections (cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, urethritis)
  • Respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, empyema)
  • Ear, nose, and throat infections (otitis media, otitis externa, sinusitis, tonsillitis)
  • Bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis, arthritis)
  • Skin and soft tissue infections (infected ulcer, wound infection, abscess, cellulitis, erysipelas, infected burn)
  • Pelvic infections (salpingitis, endometritis, pelviperitonitis)
  • Abdominal and hepatobiliary infections (peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, cholangitis, cholecystitis)
  • Septicemia, bacteremia, gonorrhea, endocarditis, meningitis
Therapeutic class

4-Quinolone preparations

Pharmacological class

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic

Pharmacology

Pefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial that exhibits bactericidal action by inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for bacterial DNA reproduction.

Mechanism of action

Inhibits DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase II) subunit-A, preventing bacterial DNA replication.

Dosage

Adult Dose (Oral):

  • General infections: 400 mg twice daily (every 12 hours)
  • Acute uncomplicated cystitis (female): 800 mg single dose
  • Gonococcal urethritis (male): 800 mg single dose (2 tablets)
  • Hepatic impairment: Increase dosing intervals in severe hepatic insufficiency

Intravenous Dose:

  • 400 mg in 100 or 250 mL of 5% dextrose slow infusion over 1 hour twice daily

Pediatric Dose: Contraindicated in children under 15 years.

Administration
  • Take with food (to avoid gastrointestinal disturbances)
  • Swallow tablet whole; do not chew, crush or break
  • Take at the same time each day
  • IV infusion should be given slowly (over 1 hour)
Missed dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember; skip if it's almost time for next dose; do not double the dose.

Side effects

Common Side Effects:

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Epigastric pain
  • Headache
  • Insomnia
  • Skin rash
  • Pruritus
  • Photosensitization
  • Myalgia
  • Arthralgia
  • Tendonitis
  • Achilles tendon rupture
Precautions & warnings
  • Avoid exposure to sunlight and UV radiation during treatment due to risk of photosensitivity reaction
  • Dose readjustment required in severe hepatic insufficiency
  • Inform patients of the possibility of Achilles tendon pain
  • May affect driving ability
  • Dose reduction may be required in kidney disease
Contraindications
  • Hypersensitivity to quinolones
  • Children under 15 years
  • Pregnancy
  • Lactation
  • G6PD deficiency
  • History of tendon lesion, tendonitis, or tendon rupture
Drug interactions
  • Antacids containing aluminum and/or magnesium hydroxide: Reduce pefloxacin absorption; avoid concurrent administration
  • Didanosine (DDI), iron salts, pirenzepine, sucralfate, vincristine, zinc salts: Reduced absorption
  • Cimetidine, probenecid, theophylline: Increased pefloxacin levels
  • Cyclosporine: Increased cyclosporine levels
  • Foscarnet, NSAIDs, piroxicam: Seizures
  • Glimepiride: Hypoglycemia
  • Quercetin: Antagonistic
Food interactions

Take with food for better absorption; alcohol consumption does not cause harmful side effects.

Use in pregnancy

Use in Pregnancy: Information regarding use during pregnancy is not available; consult your doctor. FDA Pregnancy Category C.

Pregnancy Category: C — always consult a doctor before taking during pregnancy.

Use in lactation

Use in Lactation: Probably unsafe; limited human data suggests the drug may pass into breast milk and harm the baby.

Pediatric use

Contraindicated in children under 15 years.

Geriatric use

Caution required in elderly patients; consult your doctor.

Renal / hepatic impairment

Renal Impairment: Dose reduction may be necessary in kidney disease; consult your doctor.

Hepatic Impairment: Caution required in liver disease; dose adjustment may be needed. Increase dosing intervals in severe hepatic insufficiency.

Overdose effects

Overdose manifestations are insufficiently defined. Treatment: symptomatic and supportive care.

Storage conditions

Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture; keep out of reach of children.

Chemical structure

Pefloxacin

Common questions

What does this medicine do?
It is used for bacterial infections such as urinary tract, respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections.
How to use it?
Take 400 mg twice daily with food or as prescribed by your doctor.
What are the side effects?
Nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, skin rash, tendonitis, etc. may occur.
⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only — not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.